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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes of organisms can cause them to develop over time.  에볼루션 무료체험  includes the development of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing ones.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, including various varieties of stickleback fish that can be found in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These reversible traits are not able to explain fundamental changes to the body's basic plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all living creatures that inhabit our planet for many centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well adapted. Over time, the population of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually creates an entirely new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring, which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring. This can be achieved through sexual or asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all these elements are in harmony. For example, if a dominant allele at one gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more often than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will be more common in the population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. The process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism can produce the more fit it is which is measured by its ability to reproduce itself and survive. People with good characteristics, such as having a long neck in giraffes, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, not individual organisms. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which argues that animals acquire traits through use or neglect. For instance, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach prey, its offspring will inherit a larger neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe becomes unable to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a population. At some point, one will reach fixation (become so common that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection) and other alleles will fall to lower frequency. In the extreme this, it leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles are virtually eliminated and heterozygosity diminished to a minimum. In a small population it could result in the complete elimination of recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolution process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a population.

A phenotypic  bottleneck may also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunting event are confined to a small area. The survivors will carry an dominant allele, and will have the same phenotype. This could be caused by war, earthquakes or even plagues. Whatever the reason, the genetically distinct population that remains could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They give the famous example of twins that are genetically identical and share the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift can play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to evolve. Natural selection is the most common alternative, where mutations and migration keep phenotypic diversity within a population.

Stephens claims that there is a huge distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force, and considering other causes, such as migration and selection as forces and causes. He argues that a causal process explanation of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift has both an orientation, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

In high school, students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms by the inherited characteristics that result from the natural activities of an organism use and misuse. Lamarckism is illustrated through the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This could cause the longer necks of giraffes to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented an innovative concept that completely challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate matter by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case but he is widely seen as having given the subject its first broad and thorough treatment.

The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the development of what biologists now refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down through generations and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective influence of environmental factors, including Natural Selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the idea that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this concept was never a central part of any of their theories on evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a vast body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired traits. This is often called "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. This is a model that is as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a fight for survival.  에볼루션 바카라 사이트  is inaccurate and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for survival is more effectively described as a struggle to survive within a specific environment, which may be a struggle that involves not only other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.

Understanding adaptation is important to understand evolution. Adaptation refers to any particular characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. It could be a physiological feature, such as fur or feathers or a behavior like moving into shade in hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid the cold.

The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring and be able find enough food and resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing in a way that is optimally within its environment.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutations, can lead to changes in the proportion of different alleles in a population’s gene pool. This change in allele frequency could lead to the development of novel traits and eventually, new species in the course of time.

Many of the characteristics we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, for example, lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage for hiding. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to distinguish between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to search for friends or to move to shade in hot weather, aren't. It is also important to remember that a the absence of planning doesn't result in an adaptation. A failure to consider the consequences of a decision even if it appears to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.